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What is SKPT?

The Land Registration Certificate (SKPT) is an official document issued by the Land Office as proof that a parcel of land has been administratively recorded in the national land system. SKPT is not a land ownership certificate or a building use right certificate, but its existence is very important as an indicator of the legality and registration status of a piece of land.

Although it does not grant direct ownership rights, the SKPT serves as a verification tool indicating that the data of the land parcel is consistent with the archives and the official registration system at the National Land Agency (BPN). In practice, the SKPT often becomes an important supporting document in land administration processes.

This document is required for various purposes such as land sale and purchase transactions, applying for credit with land as collateral, preparing property investment plans, and as part of due diligence before rights transfer or development. The SKPT provides initial certainty regarding the administrative and legal status of the land, thereby minimizing the potential for disputes or obstacles in the future.

Legal Basis and Validity of SKPT

Before 2023, the Land Registration Certificate (SKPT) was generally issued in physical form by the land office in each district/city. This document was printed and manually signed by an authorized official from the Land Office. In the process, applicants had to come directly to the land office, submit supporting documents, and wait for a verification process that could take quite a long time.

This conventional version of the SKPT faced challenges in terms of speed, efficiency, and data security. Because it was printed and handled manually, risks such as forged documents, loss of physical archives, and delays due to bureaucracy remained quite high. In addition, the processes of tracking and updating data were also limited since the system was not yet fully connected to digital platforms.

Entering 2023, the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/National Land Agency (ATR/BPN) began issuing SKPT in electronic document format. This digital SKPT is signed using a certified electronic signature issued by the National Cyber and Crypto Agency (BSrE-BSSN). This step is part of the digitalization reform of land services aimed at improving security, efficiency, and transparency in land administration processes.

With this new system, the electronic SKPT has the same legal force as the physical document but offers greater protection against forgery. This document is protected under criminal provisions, including Article 263 of the Criminal Code concerning document forgery and Articles 35 and 51(1) of the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (UU ITE) regarding manipulation of electronic information. Violations of this document may be subject to imprisonment of up to 12 years and a maximum fine of IDR 12 billion, reflecting the government’s seriousness in safeguarding the integrity of land information.

Information Contained in the SKPT

The Land Registration Certificate (SKPT) provides highly detailed information about a parcel of land, starting with its location and land identity. The land location information usually includes the full administrative details such as the village, sub-district, district, and the land parcel number (NIB). In the official document, the mapping status is also usually stated, indicating whether the land parcel has been mapped or not. The existence of an accurate map serves as an important reference in assessing the location and physical boundaries of the land.

Certificate data is a main component of the SKPT that shows the type of land rights, such as Ownership Rights or Building Use Rights. It also includes the certificate number, the origin of the rights (for example, converted from previous rights), and the status of the active land book. Another important aspect is the confirmation that the land parcel is not under dispute, not blocked, not under seizure, and has no history of legal cases.

Another section of the SKPT lists the holders of land rights as recorded in the certificate. This list is very useful as a basis for validating the legality of the land, especially in cases of transactions, inheritance, or transfer of rights. The names listed must match the valid legal identities and be registered with the Land Office.

In addition to the rights holders, the SKPT document also contains information about the party applying for the SKPT. The applicant’s data includes full name, date and place of birth, identification number (NIK), and domicile address. This is useful for recording who is actively requesting verification or confirmation of the land’s status.

The purpose of the SKPT application is also clearly stated in the document. Generally, the application is submitted for informational purposes, but it may also be used for land sale and purchase transactions, credit applications, legal due diligence processes, or internal verification for property development planning.

The SKPT may also include information related to the land parcel’s alignment with the Regional Spatial Plan (RTRW) or the Detailed Spatial Plan (RDTR). However, in many cases, integration with the national spatial planning system is not yet fully available, and the document will note that spatial planning information has not been integrated.

With its detailed and official data structure, the SKPT serves as an administrative document that is highly useful in ensuring the legality, clarity of status, and legal security of a parcel of land. The information it contains becomes an important reference in decision-making related to the ownership, utilization, or lawful transfer of land rights.

Procedure and Requirements for Applying for an SKPT

To apply for a Land Registration Certificate (SKPT), applicants may choose two channels: directly at the local Land Office or through official digital platforms such as the Sentuh Tanahku application and the BHUMI website of the Ministry of ATR/BPN, provided that the applicant’s account has been verified. This process is designed to make access easier for the public, both offline and online, in line with the advancement of government digital services.

In applying for an SKPT, several mandatory documents must be attached as administrative requirements. These include a copy of the applicant’s Identity Card (KTP), a copy of the land certificate as the basis for data verification, and a power of attorney if the application is submitted by another party. In addition, the applicant must also state the purpose of the SKPT application, whether it is for informational needs, land sale and purchase transactions, inheritance, or certain legal processes.

Once all documents are declared complete and accepted, the officers will carry out the data verification process. The issuance time of the SKPT may vary depending on the complexity of the case and the condition of the land data at the land office. For land parcels whose data has already been digitized and have no legal issues, issuance can be completed quickly. However, if there are obstacles such as data conflicts or the need for a field inspection, the process may take longer.

It is important for the applicant to recheck the contents of the SKPT after it is issued. If there are discrepancies between the information in the document and the physical conditions in the field or the contents of the owned certificate, immediate clarification must be made to the Land Office. By bringing proof of the application registration, the applicant may request corrections or data updates to ensure the accuracy and validity of the land information they hold.

When Should You Apply for an SKPT?

Applying for an SKPT is highly recommended before carrying out a land sale and purchase transaction. With the SKPT, the buyer can ensure that the land to be purchased has a clear legal status, is not in dispute, not blocked, and not being used as collateral. This document serves as an important initial verification tool in the due diligence process, thereby minimizing future legal risks.

An SKPT should also be applied for when the land is to be used as collateral in a loan or bank credit application. Financial institutions usually require this document to ensure that the asset being pledged is properly registered and free from legal issues. In addition, the SKPT also serves as a supporting tool for analyzing the value and risk of the property to be financed.

In addition to transaction and financing purposes, the SKPT is also useful when someone intends to prepare a property development plan or a long-term investment. By applying for an SKPT, the landowner can obtain administrative certainty before drafting project designs, applying for building permits, or carrying out land parcel consolidation or subdivision. Having this document at the early stage of planning will be very helpful in making decisions based on valid data.

Conclusion

The SKPT is an important document that indicates the administrative status and legality of a land parcel. Although it is not proof of ownership, the SKPT serves as a primary reference for third parties such as notaries, banks, or prospective buyers in assessing the risks and legal certainty of land. Understanding the contents and application procedures of the SKPT will help all parties involved make the right decisions in land transactions.